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[09:50:50] Invitado[Dra_Gina_Quirarte] :

Hi everyone!!!

[09:52:19] Invitado[betina] :

Hi Gina!

[09:53:04] Invitado[EliVentura] :

Holaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa!!!! :D

[09:53:22] Invitado[Dra_Gina_Quirarte] :

Hi Bertha!!

[09:53:52] Invitado[Dra_Gina_Quirarte] :

¡Hola como están!

[09:54:16] Invitado[Dra_Gina_Quirarte] :

todos bien

[09:56:20] Invitado[betina] :

si por suerte todo en orden

[09:56:58] Invitado[EliVentura] :

Doctora, yo estoy en el Instituto. Puedo ir al salón donde será la videoconferencia?

[09:57:13] Guest[humberto] :

Hola Dra. Quirarte, Betina y Eli!

[09:57:27] Invitado[EliVentura] :

Con eso del simulacro me van a sacar empezando.

[09:58:08] Invitado[betina] :

hola Humber!

[09:58:11] Guest[FelipeGomes] :

Hi everyone! Hope everything has been going well with you all!

[09:58:22] Invitado[betina] :

Hola Eliiiii y Felipaoooo

[09:58:40] Guest[FelipeGomes] :

Missing you all!

[09:59:06] Invitado[Dra_Gina_Quirarte] :

No se va poder por el simulacro, pero se puede escuchar la plática después porque quedará grabada!!!

[09:59:20] Invitado[EliVentura] :

Felipaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaoooo!!!!!

[09:59:50] Guest[FelipeGomes] :

:P

[09:59:53] Invitado[Dra_Gina_Quirarte] :

Hi Betina, Felipe!!!

[10:00:09] Guest[FelipeGomes] :

Hi Dr. Gina!

[10:00:38] Invitado[betina] :

miss you all too

[10:00:56] Invitado[EliVentura] :

voy a saliur por el simulacro

[10:02:45] Invitado[Dra_Gina_Quirarte] :

we are going to wait 5 min

[10:04:13] Invitado[JP151] :

Hi, I am josé

[10:04:41] Invitado[betina] :

jose pedroooo

[10:04:43] Guest[nicolas] :

¡Hola!

[10:04:48] Invitado[betina] :

we hear you loud and clear

[10:04:48] Invitado[JP151] :

I hear you perfectly

[10:04:51] Guest[Javier] :

I can hear you!

[10:05:02] Guest[SfN_Staff] :

Hi Gina, it's Christopher and Meridian!

[10:05:06] Guest[Alexandre] :

Hi Gina, i can hear you really well

[10:05:06] Guest[anapaula] :

Hi, I hear you perfectly too

[10:05:10] Invitado[diana] :

holaaaa!!!

[10:05:11] Guest[FelipeGomes] :

I can hear you perfectly

[10:05:15] Guest[RichardBido] :

Richard from the Dominican Republic

[10:05:15] Guest[janJoel] :

i can hear you

[10:05:20] Guest[Rodrigo] :

hello!

[10:05:22] Guest[Frank] :

live and loud!

[10:05:26] Guest[Marina] :

Hi Gina, I'm Marina Portes

[10:05:27] Guest[Biccamaira] :

I can't

[10:05:45] Guest[Marina-0] :

Hi I am Marina Dauar

[10:05:45] Guest[Cristiano_Kohler] :

I can hear you fine

[10:05:51] Guest[Marina-0] :

I can hear you well

[10:06:09] Guest[RichardBido] :

I am Richard from the Dominica Republic. I am listening!

[10:06:23] Guest[Frank] :

are we allowed to speak too?

[10:07:01] Guest[Frank] :

ok, thank you!

[10:07:21] Invitado[inb_unam] :

Hi Gina!!!

[10:07:32] Guest[janJoel] :

Greetings to all

[10:07:51] Guest[AnaCarol] :

Hi everyone

[10:08:07] Invitado[inb_unam] :

Hi Gina!! I am Martha

[10:08:33] Guest[Zulay] :

Hi Gina I'm Zulay

[10:08:35] Invitado[betina] :

Hi Marthaaaa!!

[10:09:05] Invitado[inb_unam] :

Hi Bety!!! I´m miss you

[10:09:16] Invitado[betina] :

miss you too amiga

[10:09:34] Guest[anapaula] :

Hi everyone! I am Ana

[10:09:46] Invitado[EliVentura] :

We back! Hi everyone!!!

[10:15:42] Guest[Erick_Perez] :

Greetings

[10:31:38] Invitado[Lucia] :

Hi everybody

[10:33:00] Invitado[inb_unam] :

A increment in the blood glucose enhance others kinds of behavior?. Martha

[10:33:40] Invitado[EliVentura] :

I have a question: hormones that are hyperglycemic as cortisol, somatotropin, glucagon, can have the same effect on memory?

[10:34:08] Guest[Frank] :

I am curious about some studies involving diabetes, insulin injection and learning... is there any so far?

[10:34:19] Guest[AlexColombia] :

Hi very interesting paper I have some questions? Could any of the effects of epinephrine in memory due to the increase in the oxygen concentrations after the increase in cardiac output?

[10:34:30] Invitado[betina] :

I think an important issue that is not adressed in this paper is that glucose increase dopamine

[10:34:32] Guest[Rodrigo] :

I am not an expert in the fied, but I wonder if 24 hour food restriction isn't impairing other neuronal properties? in the brain

[10:34:33] Invitado[inb_unam] :

If glucose enhance memory, what molecular factors are involved in the impairment of memory when the concentration of glucose is high?. Martha

[10:34:48] Guest[FelipeGomes] :

Given that the enhacement of memory by epinephrine, I assume it could be attenuated/blocked by the pretreatment with a peripheral beta-blocker (like sotalol that does not cross the blood-brain-barrier. Am I right?

[10:34:59] Invitado[betina] :

martha that can be explained by dopamine levels

[10:35:17] Invitado[EliVentura] :

What is the effect of elevated glucose levels on memory in animal models of diabetes?

[10:35:45] Guest[RichardBido] :

We, clinicians, know that Diabetes is a risk factor related to Dementia, and other Cognitive impairments. As we saw in your presentation, glucose modulates enhancement of memory, but in specific levels, when is not too low nor too high. Could we say that High glucose levels in Diabetes Mellitus lead to memory impairments, because of these modulation? Thanks, Richard, Dominican Republic

[10:35:59] Invitado[Pavel] :

In traumatic stress we have and increase response in adrenaline and noradrenaline, that could be related with traumatic memory in Postraumatic stress disorders?

[10:36:16] Invitado[Lucia] :

that the astrocytes uptake glucose and form lactate to provide the neurons is an other point that favor to think about the tripartite synapse

[10:36:17] Invitado[EliVentura] :

I have a question: hormones that are hyperglycemic as cortisol, somatotropin, glucagon, can have the same effect on memory?

[10:36:35] Guest[janJoel] :

the exercise help to release adrenaline, and the diet increase the glucose. Thats the reason because recomend the inverted U theory?

[10:37:14] Guest[Biccamaira] :

In fact high levels of glucose in a diabetes leads to insulin resistance in periphery and also in the brain and it leads memory deficits. (answering Eli).

[10:37:35] Invitado[EliVentura] :

thanks Bicca! :*

[10:37:42] Guest[Zulay] :

I understand that high levels of sugar like at the diabetes affect in a less capacity in learning and recovery information, How is the mechanism?,

[10:38:30] Guest[AlexColombia] :

In addtion diabetic patinets have vascular problems which can impaire memory as well independently of the direct effect of glucose

[10:38:30] Invitado[inb_unam] :

Thanks Bety, I´m going check it ;)

[10:39:02] Guest[AlexColombia] :

Is there any evidence that individuals with intolerance to glucose who had moderate increased levels of glucose have a better cognitive performance?

[10:39:03] Guest[Javier] :

Because the hyperglycemia is in the blood, not inside the cells, so the effect would be as if the neurons or astrocytes were starving (No glucose inside the cells)

[10:39:11] Guest[humberto] :

How much of these effects can be explained by the alpha adrenergic effects of epinephrine on vascular smooth muscle? The inverted U curve response could be explained by improved perfusion to the hippocampus –at first– and then a decrease in perfusion due to supraphysiological levels of epinephrine. Limited perfusion would also improve with higher plasma levels of glucose.

[10:39:31] Invitado[Pavel] :

Thanks! !!

[10:40:10] Guest[Erick_Perez] :

Hi, does memory enhancement is a process that requires more energy in the form of glucose or the strengthen of neural circuits could be due to the disappearence of less used synapses?

[10:41:10] Guest[janJoel] :

The short term stress as exercise practice in intervals help to regulate the memory because release adrenaline, cortisol and modulate the glucose

[10:41:22] Guest[Zulay] :

Thanks ;)

[10:41:40] Guest[AlexColombia] :

Glucocorticoids also show an inverted u shape for memory enhancement

[10:41:40] Guest[Frank] :

I am curious about some studies involving diabetes, insulin injection and learning... is there any so far?

[10:41:46] Guest[Alexandre] :

I'm wondering if it's already know the neurochemical aspects of memory impairmnt effects induced by high doses of glucose

[10:42:34] Guest[AlexColombia] :

What happens if you inject an enhancing dose of glucose to rats but previously you have blocked the acetylcholine receptors?

[10:43:00] Guest[janJoel] :

Thanks Gina!

[10:44:21] Guest[Cristiano_Kohler] :

Could the amnestic effects of high glucose be due to state dependency?

[10:44:25] Guest[Alexandre] :

Thanks Gina!

[10:47:49] Guest[Alexandre] :

Marta, sorry, you had already made a similar question ... i just checked it

[10:48:08] Guest[Cristiano_Kohler] :

Thanks Gina!

[10:48:54] Guest[Javier] :

I am a little confused, where do they mention impairment of memory due to high glucose?

[10:49:03] Invitado[inb_unam] :

It´s Ok. You don´t worry Alex, :D

[10:49:15] Guest[SfN_Staff] :

HI Associates! If you have more questions, feel free to post them on the NeurOnLine Associates community. Dr. Quirates will be able to answer them after the webinar as well!

[10:50:16] Guest[AnaCarol] :

(To Felipe Gomes) Pretreatment with nadolol, a non-selective β-adrenergic receptor antagonist that does not cross the blood-brain barrier, would prevent the positive modulatory effects of yohimbine on memory trace consolidation and reconsolidation. In our work (Gazarini et al 2013), yohimbine was still able to induce its aforementioned effects in enhancing memory processing after blockade of peripheral β-adrenergic receptors, suggesting that enhanced noradrenergic activity in this case reflects the antagonism of α2-adrenergic receptors in central rather than peripheral sites.

[10:50:16] Invitado[betina] :

I think it discuss the things rather lightly

[10:50:27] Guest[FelipeGomes] :

Agreed!

[10:50:46] Invitado[inb_unam] :

I´m agreed too!!

[10:51:01] Guest[FelipeGomes] :

Thanks Ana Carol!

[10:51:32] Invitado[betina] :

and I said it before but it doesn´t say anything about dopamine

[10:51:40] Guest[Erick_Perez] :

I find that the article states that beta-adrenergic receptors in the vagal nerve are not directly activated by epinephrine, thus I guess that the information collected by the vagal nerve comes from the action of epinephrine on other organs, am I right?

[10:51:49] Guest[AlexColombia] :

From the holistic perspective is very importnat to asnwer these questions but sometimes the clinical application is far more difficult

[10:53:05] Invitado[JP151] :

I think that the first part, about the vagous nerve, they say several times that there are not enough evidence to strongly support the role of vagous in the enhanced memory, and they continue showing the same.

[10:53:15] Invitado[JP151] :

I agree with Betina about dopamine

[10:53:58] Invitado[betina] :

that´s because we work with abused drugs pepe

[10:54:10] Invitado[JP151] :

jaja, probably

[10:55:02] Guest[AlexColombia] :

Yes but to my knowledge people with moderate increase glucose levels in blood as intolrance to glucose don´t have a better cognitive performance

[10:55:38] Invitado[inb_unam] :

We should talk about Dopamine in another sesion!

[10:56:01] Invitado[DianaElinos] :

Hi everybody

[10:56:07] Invitado[DianaElinos] :

Ihave a question

[10:56:39] Invitado[DianaElinos] :

If the astrocytes have a rol on the glucose uptake and the enhancement of memory, there IS a difference in the population of the astrocytes of the hippocampus or something different at the cellular level??

[10:56:55] Guest[RichardBido] :

I think that the deep study of memory modulation due to glucose effect will improve our understanding in the pathophysiological mechanisms of Dementia and some cognitive impairments related to Diabetes Mellitus, since glucose modulates enhancement of memory, but in specific levels, when is not too low nor too high. Also the increase of glucose level in intersticial substance lead to an osmolar alteration that cause neurons, and other cells, to fail to have a well performance of its functions.

[10:58:23] Invitado[DianaElinos] :

Yes, thanks Gina

[10:58:43] Guest[AlexColombia] :

Richard the main cause of dementia in diabetic patients is vascular dementia, due to vascular damage

[10:59:03] Guest[Javier] :

I agree Alex and the answer to that is because the glucose is needed in the neurons, or as this paper showed in the astrocytes, so the availability in the blood (As in patients with diabetes is not importat, because they lack the ability to introduce said glucose in the cells). And the relationship between neurodegenerative diseases like AD and glucose has been stablished more in relationship to insulin resistance than to high blood glucose, if I remember correctly.

[10:59:43] Guest[Javier] :

*sorry not stablished, currently being studied

[10:59:52] Guest[Alexandre] :

Still about Diana's question, maybe in some kind of trainings, you can favor an increase in GLUT levels in some kinds of astrocytes pools...

[11:00:05] Guest[FelipeGomes] :

You showed us some evidence indicating that astrocytes play a role in learning and memory processing. What about microglia? Could you comment something about it?

[11:02:06] Guest[RichardBido] :

Yes Alex from Colombia. Vascular Damage is the main cause, but not the only mechanism. Is important to have a hollistic approach for a translational viewpoint, then we have many factors involved in Diabetic cognitive impairment, such as vascular damage, insuline resistance, neural degenation, osmolar alteration and glucose modulation.

[11:02:25] Guest[AlexColombia] :

Richard that´s right but evry time you have a small ischemic stroke you will lose neurons and that will affect your cognitive performance therefore is vewry difficult to dissect the direct effect of intolerance to glucose and the effect of neuron loss

[11:02:55] Guest[Erick_Perez] :

The article does discuss about the effect of glucose in improving the memory skills of aged rats. However I consider that things cannot be easily translated to humans.

[11:03:19] Guest[Javier] :

Gina, Thank you for the seminar. Memory is an interesting topic, and I would like to discuss different behavioral models of testing memory, i am specifically interested in the hippocampal component. If you have any comments about that it would be greatly appreciated.

[11:03:47] Invitado[Lucia] :

to Diana: Glial cells outnumber neurons five to one (different ratios in different regions) but i do not know specifically in the hippocampus

[11:04:29] Guest[anapaula] :

The paper said that aged animals have impairment on glucose levels after release of epinephrine. Could this be correlated with changes in dopamine release in old rats?

[11:04:41] Guest[Biccamaira] :

The effects of microglia on memory depends of its phenotypes, since I know. (answering Felipe).

[11:05:42] Guest[Javier] :

Gina, Thank you for the seminar! Memory is an interesting topic, and I would like to discuss different behavioral models of testing memory, i am specifically interested in the hippocampal component. If you have any comments about that it would be greatly appreciated.

[11:05:46] Guest[Marina-0] :

Patients with high glucose levels have lower memory performance even if the glucose levels does not characterize diabetes. As far as I understand the experiments that measure the effects of glucose in memory use high or low glucose for a short period of time, while patients with diabetes or hiperglicemia are chronicaly exposed to high glucose levels. Maybe the amount of time you are exposed to high glucose levels also has a role on how it modulates memory.

[11:05:48] Guest[AlexColombia] :

Erick totally agree in Alzheimers one of the key things is the loss of cholinergic cells

[11:06:02] Guest[anapaula] :

yeah

[11:06:17] Invitado[betina] :

glucose stimulates dopamine release

[11:06:24] Invitado[betina] :

and dopamine decrease with age

[11:06:42] Guest[Marina] :

Felipe, look at this article, recently published, and that speaks about the role of neuroinflammation in the context discrimination in memory: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25209285

[11:07:09] Guest[RichardBido] :

You are right Alex/Colombia. Vascular damage is the result of a Summation of different factors that underlies the pathophysiologycal aspects of diabetes, thats why from a clinical perspective is correct to approach those mechanism one by one, in a preventive model.

[11:07:11] Guest[AlexColombia] :

Marina that´s right patients with intolrance to glucose don´t have a better performance

[11:07:29] Invitado[betina] :

dopamine is central for attention and behaves in the classical U shape with cognition

[11:08:17] Invitado[JP151] :

In that sense it is interesting how the so called "smart-drugs" increases glucose metabolim in the brain

[11:08:32] Guest[AlexColombia] :

sorry intolerancre to insuline ans therefore moderate increased glucose blood levels

[11:08:42] Guest[FelipeGomes] :

Thanks for the paper Ana! What a great webinar Dr. Gina! Thanks a lot for answering all these questions. This webinar is remiding me the great time I spent in Queretaro!

[11:08:55] Invitado[betina] :

exactly pepe, and yet the impair cognition because too much dopamine is disruptive

[11:09:33] Invitado[JP151] :

that would be grat, thanks Gina

[11:09:41] Invitado[JP151] :

great, sorry

[11:09:57] Guest[AlexColombia] :

actually this nootropics cause an increase in oxygen uptake as well.

[11:11:00] Guest[humberto] :

The case of Kim Peek, the real life "Rain Man"

[11:11:27] Guest[Erick_Perez] :

Like Funes el memorioso, the short history by Borges

[11:11:28] Invitado[JP151] :

I agree, like the Borges short-story "Funes el memorioso".

[11:11:36] Guest[RichardBido] :

Thank you Gina. It has been a great opportunity. I am a Dominican MD starting my PhD in University of Illinois. In the Dominican Republic Neurosciences is a pretty new field, and I hope to strentgh our networking to improve our research.

[11:12:23] Invitado[JP151] :

jaja, sorry Erick, i didn't get to read you said the same thing

[11:12:35] Guest[humberto] :

Thank you Dr. Quirarte!

[11:12:42] Guest[janJoel] :

Thats great Richard

[11:12:48] Guest[anapaula] :

Gina, only completing my idea> I was thinking if you have a lower release of glucose in old rats this can influence in alteration in neurotransmition (dopamine, acetilcholine)... and this (and another peripherical changes) can influence or start another changes in the brain that can be involved with memory deficits

[11:12:55] Invitado[inb_unam] :

Great webinar Gina! Thanks a lot for answering the questions. Martha

[11:13:09] Guest[Biccamaira] :

Thank you so much!

[11:13:11] Guest[Biccamaira] :

Best to alll

[11:13:16] Invitado[JP151] :

Thanks!

[11:13:28] Invitado[RAIANcontreras] :

NIce talk Dra. GIna

[11:13:33] Guest[AlexColombia] :

Many thanks Gina for the opportunity to have an interesting discussion about the paper.

[11:13:41] Invitado[betina] :

thank you Gina!

[11:13:47] Guest[Erick_Perez] :

No problem JP151, I hope that other reminded that short-story, Borges is great.

[11:13:53] Invitado[EliVentura] :

Thanks Dra Gina!!

[11:13:54] Guest[anapaula] :

ok, thanks Gina!

[11:14:04] Guest[Alexandre] :

Hi Dr. Gina, thanks a lot for this great webinar and of course, also for all questions from the associates

[11:14:18] Guest[Marina] :

Thanks, Gina!

[11:14:30] Invitado[Lucia] :

Gina, thanks for the excellent webinar. Miss you

[11:14:37] Guest[SfN_Staff] :

Thank you, Dr. Quitartes!

[11:14:57] Guest[AlexColombia] :

It was very nice to interact with associates from all over Latin America

[11:14:58] Guest[Marina-0] :

Thak you for the webinar

[11:15:04] Guest[Erick_Perez] :

Thank you Dr. Gina, before this article i used to think of memory as brain-process mainly, but now I realize that memory is a whole organism bussiness

[11:15:12] Guest[Alexandre] :

All the best for everyone in Queretaro and I also miss all the fellows

[11:15:18] Invitado[Silvipuertas] :

Thank you so much Dra. Gina

[11:15:21] Guest[AnaCarol] :

Thank you so much for the webinar, Dr. Gina

[11:15:31] Guest[janJoel] :

Thanks Gina!!! Was an excellent webinar!

[11:15:53] Guest[Rodrigo] :

Thanks Gina!

[11:16:13] Invitado[inb_unam] :

Thaks everyone!! we should discuss some of the questions in neuronline!!!

[11:16:20] Invitado[Dra_Gina_Quirarte] :

bye, bye----

[11:16:54] Invitado[Dra_Gina_Quirarte] :

Am I going to see you all in SFN? is someone going?

[11:17:38] Guest[humberto] :

I will, we should have a Latin American Associates get together!

[11:17:57] Guest[anapaula] :

Yes, I am going too

[11:17:59] Guest[SfN_Staff] :

yes! if you all will be at the meeting you should attend the International Fellows Poster Session

[11:18:14] Guest[janJoel] :

Gina, i'm trying to do plans to be there

[11:18:23] Invitado[RAIANcontreras] :

I'm not sure

[11:18:58] Invitado[RAIANcontreras] :

Dra GIna we can still hear you

[11:19:33] Guest[Alexandre] :

I will be there as well

[11:19:40] Invitado[RAIANcontreras] :

Your microphone is turned on

[11:19:51] Invitado[Dra_Gina_Quirarte] :

so, see you there!!! please goto the meeting for the International Fellows, is on Saturday at 6 if I remember correctly

[11:20:01] Guest[SfN_Staff] :

Saturday 6:30pm

[11:20:06] Guest[SfN_Staff] :

Hall E of the convention center!

[11:20:14] Guest[SfN_Staff] :

You are all invited. Email Meridian if you plan to come

[11:20:25] Guest[janJoel] :

when is the next webinar?

[11:20:39] Guest[SfN_Staff] :

October 28th

[11:21:06] Guest[SfN_Staff] :

You only need your meeting badge

[11:21:27] Guest[SfN_Staff] :

correct!

[11:21:27] Invitado[RAIANcontreras] :

the fellows we are all waiting for the staff about the money to go to the meeting

[11:22:02] Invitado[RAIANcontreras] :

so I maybe there's still a chance for us to go

[11:22:16] Guest[Alexandre] :

I would make the same question of Raian

[11:22:32] Guest[Alexandre] :

Any news about support to SfN meeting?

[11:23:07] Guest[SfN_Staff] :

Fellows can expect an email from SfN in the coming days

[11:24:26] Guest[janJoel] :

Thank you so much

[11:24:27] Invitado[EliVentura] :

BYE!!!

[11:24:32] Invitado[RAIANcontreras] :

byeeee Dra Ginaaaaa.

[11:24:38] Invitado[EliVentura] :

kisses!!!! :*

[11:24:44] Guest[Alexandre] :

bye

[11:24:57] Invitado[Pavel] :

thaks!

[11:25:01] Invitado[inb_unam] :

ciao!!! bye everyone!!!! bye Gina!!!